Heart Rate Variability ( Hrv ) - 1623 Words

Heart rate variability (HRV) is quickly becoming a â€Å"buzz word† in fitness, but in reality this is a very old technology. Dating back to at least 1948 (15) HRV has been a commonly used method in research and is an accepted diagnostic tool in several diseases/conditions, such as post-traumatic stress disorder and type 2 diabetes (9, 23). HRV was, until recently, a tool that was confined to clinical and research settings, largely due to the prohibitively high cost of equipment. Recent advances in technology, particularly among heart rate monitors and smartphone-based apps, have now made this technology available to fitness professionals and health/fitness consumers. HRV is derived from mathematical properties of cardiac inter-beat intervals or what is referred to as a R-R interval. This inter-beat interval represents tiny changes in the timing (i.e. fractions of a second) from one heart beat to the next. Intuitively it would seem that a heart rate of 60 bpm would have exactly 1 second between each â€Å"beat.† It even seems reasonable that a very metronomic or steady heart rate would be indicative of health and/or fitness. In fact, just the opposite is true. A healthy cardiovascular control system will have a high level of complexity, or variability, while an aged, unfit or diseased system will show a loss of complexity or variability (21). HRV testing is an exquisitely sensitive tool that is capable of providing us with important health and fitness-based information acrossShow MoreRelatedHeart Rate Variability And Cognitive And Mind Body Therapies On Cardiovascular Conditions1514 Words   |  7 PagesHeart rate variability is defined as the variation in the interval between normal heart beats and provides an important non-invasive assessment of cardiac autonomic control. It is postulated to be the effect of the interplay between the sympathetic and the parasympathetic components of the autonomic nervous system. The SA node receives different inputs from the SNS, PSNS and the humoral factors which cause the beat to beat variation in the heart rate. Heart rate variability is thus an important indicatorRead MoreThe Effect Of Biofeedback On Basketball Players And Effect On Their On Court Performance877 Words   |  4 PagesElectromyographic Biofeedback (EMG BFB) and Electroencephalographic Biofeedback (EEG BFB) and found correlations between improvement in performance and responsiveness to stimuli. However, there has not been an analysis of the use of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback (HRV BFB) which measures an increase in the response time and attention deficit in athletes. The most important aspect of an athlete’s performance is the ability to tune out outside disturbances during a game or match. If an athlete canRead MoreAnalysis Of Truman State University s Campus2744 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction Throughout the course of everyday life, variability of heart rate is present for each individual. As the college students on the campus of Truman State University go about their day-to-day lives, they too experience the phenomenon of heart rate variability. While resting and using little movement, many students spend a great number of hours each day studying - a period of time when the body requires a smaller cardiac output in relation to times of movement. However, during the courseRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : Common Metabolic Disease Affecting 29 Million Americans1087 Words   |  5 Pagesoffspring. Dr. Landa also suggests that the monitoring of heart rate variability can be an important method for helping control which genes are expressed. She states that, â€Å"Because stress plays a role in which of your genes will express themselves, monitoring it is key. A way to do this is with heart rate variability (HRV) training. HRV measures the intervals between your heartbeats, and if you have a low HRV, it means your heartbeats lack variability— and you likely don’t get enough rest and relaxationRead MoreThe Human Heart Is A Muscular Organ That Provides A Continuous Blood Circulation1837 Words   |  8 PagesINTRODUCTION WHAT IS HEART? The human heart is a muscular organ that provides a continuous blood circulation through the cycle and is one of the most vital organs in the human body. The heart is divided into four main chambers: the two upper chambers are called the left and right atria and two lower chambers are called the right and left ventricles. There is a thick wall of muscle separating the right side and the left side of the heart called the septum. Fig 1: HUMAN HEART[10] HOW DOES BLOODRead MoreHeart Failures Of Heart Failure782 Words   |  4 Pages Heart failure describes a medical condition when the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to the body [85]. While heart failure does not mean the immediate stopping of the heart, it is a serious and fatal condition. A study has found that the 4-year mortality rate for chronic heart failure was 43% for patients with preserved systolic function, and 54% for patients with reduced systolic function [86]. Heart failure is prevalent, with about 2-3% of adults worldwide showing signs of heart failureRead MoreStatistical Analyses And Its Effect On The Quality Of The Physiological Data1218 Words   |  5 PagesStatistical Analyses The following physiological measures were assessed for statistical significance: RMSSD, HF power, SBP, DBP and HR. A natural log transformation was applied to HRV measures prior to the analysis. Each measure was analyzed using a one-way repeated measures ANOVA across each experimental condition: baseline, stressor, recovery. The application of repeated measures ANOVA calls for the assumption that the dependent variables follow a normal distribution. In the context of this studyRead MoreViolent Video Games Should Be Banned Essay1432 Words   |  6 Pagesleast, most shockingly one is the heart rate variability(HRV). The danger violent video games bring to your heart. For example, this research was done by three universities in Sweden where they divided boys into two groups, age 12 to age 15. Same as last experiment, one group was given violent video games and another non-violent video games. After that the research shown the group of boys that played a violent video games have a higher heart rate variability(HRV) during and even hours after theyRead MoreAnalysis Of 10 Second 6-Lead ECG And Holter Monitoring1737 Words   |  7 PagesIn the present study, Analysis of 10 second 6-lead ECG and Holter monitoring over 24 hours were successfully performed in all rhesus macaques enrolled to the present study. HR, ECG patterns, the frequency and complexity of arrhythmias, and HRV parameters obtained from the 10 second 6-lead ECG and 24-hour Holter monitoring were compared between the rhesus macaques with and without LVH. In the standard 10 seconds 6-lead ECG, the duration of a QRS complex was significantly longer in rhesus macaquesRead MoreHow Does Meditation Change The Brain And Body1443 Words   |  6 Pagesthat may be included in both topics of brain and body relating to stress regulation, heart rate variability, and emotional responses. This research paper examines these articles and their studies in order to support the argument that meditation encourages positive changes within the brain and body. Literature Review Considering Shearer et al.’s (2016) article that reviews meditation and its effects on stress and HRV, the conclusion to their studies was that meditation (more specifically mindful meditation)

Gender Segregation Free Essays

Davis Anderson Sociology 3337 Prof. Korinek October 23, 2012 Group 7 Analysis of: Revisiting the Glass Escalator: The Case of Gender Segregation in a Female Dominated Occupation This critical examination and study, done by Karrie Ann Snyder and Adam Isaiah Green, dives into the data of a predominately women’s job, nursing, to find out if men really have a â€Å"glass escalator† when it comes to advancing up to top positions and dissects the notion of horizontal segregation. The glass escalator theory is one that assumes males in female dominated professions are pushed up the ladder to administrative and supervisory positions much easier and faster than women. We will write a custom essay sample on Gender Segregation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Throughout the article, they explain the methods used to gather the data, both quantitative and qualitative and provide a plethora of information such as level of education, employment setting, number of years worked, personal interviews etc. They also break down the data and refute claims that although widely believed, may be false. It is somewhat ironic that the topic of this week’s thought-piece paper is on the sexual segregation of nursing. Just about a week ago I was sitting in the orthodontists office and I looked over at the staff photos on the wall. Dr. Pobanz was in the middle with about 10 ladies on each side of him. That made me go back and think, and I came to the realization that I have never seen a male besides the doctor working in a dentist or orthodontist office. Although it is not exactly a nursing position, it is a similar occupation and I would imagine has similar statistics concerning sex segregation. In my mind, it is just expected that most all nurses are female. It seems that back a few decades ago males were unheard of in the nursing field, but today they are becoming more common. It is interesting that this occupation is so stereotypical female that studies of this magnitude are conducted. So why is it that nursing is so dominated by females? Well, nursing is associated with caring for others, being affectionate, and serving under someone of higher ranking. Males face strong societal pressure that steer them from entering occupations such as this as they do not want to be perceived as feminine or gay because of the nature of their job. Only 5. 5 percent of nurses in 2000 were men, a very small minority. Many people think that of the few men that are in the nursing field, it is easier for them to move up to higher ranking positions. The face is that in administrative and supervisor positions women are just about as likely as men to hold those spots. The problem is that many people believe the societal stereotype that it is easier for men to gravitate toward the top positions, when in reality it is just about the same for both sexes. In the article, Carol Kleinman is referenced when she says that men, relative to women, enjoy systematic advantages in the nursing industry in terms of promotion and hiring (p273). The findings from this research suggest something very different than the assumptions of others. â€Å"As shown in Table 3, men do not receive higher returns for education, nor is there a significant interaction between years as a nurse and sex. These results suggest that, contrary to the glass escalator hypothesis, men are not promoted earlier in their career to top positions. (p281) The data suggests that rather than there being a segregation of male and females vertically among the sectors of nursing, horizontal segregation is much more likely, meaning grouping of gender in specialized areas is common. Certain areas seem to be made up of more of one gender than the other. For example, men are over represented in ICU, OR, and ER while women are over represented in outpatient, post anesthesia, labor/deli very, and general medical-surgical departments (p286). When interviewed about why they chose their specialization, men seemed aware of the gender connotations of their job, while women rarely mentioned it as a factor. This is a direct cause of why segregation across different areas of work is much more prevalent than segregation through the administrative ranks. The name nurse often carries with it negative connotations in the eyes of males. It is inherently feminine in its perception and plays a large role in scaring men away or causing them concern about what others think and leading them into positions that are thought of as more manly. Nursing is unique in the wide range of specializations that it offers, and that may play a part as to why horizontal segregation is so widespread as opposed to vertical. Oftentimes males seek positions of prestige and in nursing those desires may be filled by working in masculine roles as opposed to higher-ranking positions that would typically validate success in other professions. From the data gathered and personal accounts reviewed, it seems that men chose positions thought of as more masculine based primarily on fulfilling the conceptions of gender identity. Financial interests and personal desires do have an effect, but it seems that sticking to the gender â€Å"rules† is the largest factor in determining the careers of practicing male nurses. The data in this study is vast and complex. It is hard to determine the sole contributor to the occurrence of gender segregation in the nursing practices. So many factors play into every individuals decisions, but signs point overall to an adherence to gender norms and affirmation for males that their occupation is not completely a woman’s job. How to cite Gender Segregation, Essay examples

Tree Rings free essay sample

Hence it is essential for the tree to supply the water and nutrients to the leaves from the ground through the stem. A tree ring is simply a layer of wood produced during one tree’s growing season. A cross section of a tree often shows a distinct pattern of concentric tree rings. Each tree ring marks a line between the dark late wood that grew at the end of the previous year and the relatively pale early wood that grew at the start of this year. One annual ring is composed of a ring of early wood and a ring of late wood. The growth occurs in the cambium (the thin, continuous sheath of cells between bark and wood). In spring, the cambium begins dividing. This creates new tissue and increases the diameter of the tree at two places: 1. Outside the cambium. The outer cells become part of the phloem. We will write a custom essay sample on Tree Rings or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The phloem carries food produced in the leaves to the branches, trunk, and roots. Some of the phloem dies each year and becomes part of the outer bark. 2. Inside the cambium. The inner cells become part of the xylem. These cells contribute most of a trees growth in diameter. The xylem carries water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves. These cells show the most annual variation: * When a tree grows quickly, the xylem cells are large with thin walls. This early wood or springwood is the lighter-colored part of a tree ring. * In late summer, growth slows; the walls of the xylem cells are thicker. This late wood or summerwood is the darker-colored part of a tree ring. What Causes Variations in Tree Rings? When conditions encourage growth, a tree adds extra tissue and produces a thick ring. In a discouraging year, growth is slowed and the tree produces a thin ring. Much of the variation in tree rings is due to variations year-to-year in: * Higher springtime temperature. If spring starts early, the growing season is likely to be longer than usual, causing a tree to have a wider ring. * Lower springtime temperature. A late spring is likely to shorten the growing season, causing a tree to have a narrower tree ring. * Abundant rainfall increases growth, producing a wider ring. * Drought decreases growth, producing a narrower ring. * Species of tree do differ in their response to weather changes. One might respond strongly to changes in overall rainfall, another might be more sensitive to the amount of rain during the late summer, and another to a temperature change that alters the length of the growing season. * Crowding from neighboring trees. This causes a series of narrow rings. Crowding is suspected when the series of narrow rings is more than three, because droughts are usually only one to three years. * If the rings are narrow on one side of a tree with wide rings on the other, the tree was crowded on the side of the tree where the rings are narrow. A series of many narrow rings followed immediately by wide rings probably means that an encroaching neighbor died, releasing the crowded tree into a growth spurt. * Fire scars suggest past forest fires. The number of annual rings between fire scars shows the period between fires. * Scars due to insect plagues indicate insect infestations What Makes A Ring? Because trees live longer than most plants, their stems (trunks) gro w differently. Trees develop woody stems that contain two types of tissues: Primary tissues- The first tissues formed by a plant. Primary xylem and primary phloem Secondary tissues- Tissues generated by the growth of the cambium. Examples: secondary xylem and secondary phloem Secondary tissues are added each year. These additions cause something known as secondary thickening in the stems. This thickening is what makes a woody stem as woody stem. Its part of what makes a tree a tree. You can see evidence of stem (trunk) growth by looking at a cross-section of an older tree. Each ring shows one years worth of growth. But, what causes the rings? A young stem has bundles of vascular tissues (tissues that carry fluid). The bundles are made up of xylem, phloem, and cambium layers. As the tree ages, the cambium layers between the bundles come together. As the tree gets older, a vascular cylinder is formed. About a year after the vascular cylinder is formed, a trees first ring will appear. Remember, the cambium is a meristem a place of growth. Each growing season, new xylem cells are produced. These cells eventually clog and no longer transport sap. They become heartwood. These are the cells that make up the rings you see. Year after year, new layers of xylem tissue are added and year after year a new ring is produced.

Selling and sales management Essay Example

Selling and sales management Essay Select one company in your country or region that has a sales force. The company and/or the sales force can be real or a composite of several situations that you have heard or read about, or experienced. Apply principles that you have learnt In this subject to that companys sales function to Judge Its effectiveness about: How well It fits into marketing and other parts of an organization; Intelligence gathering Is Included within this function. How well It knows how consumers and organizations behave when buying goods and services. How well it knows and develops skills for two sales techniques such personal lulling, key account management, relationship selling, direct marketing and Internet and IT applications in selling and sales management; negotiation could be one of those techniques. The purpose of this paper Is to outline the selling and sales management that occurs at Rendition Trinidad. The paper first explains the difference between selling and sales management. It then looks at how the sales department fits Into the organization by Integrating with other departments such as the marketing department. It further Identifies how well the salespeople can establish consumer and organizational eying behaviors and the strategies the sales manager in collaboration with other use when attempting to make a sale. The paper will also go on by explaining how the firm manages its consumer and organizations buying behaviors and also strategies ND techniques the firm uses when engaging in selling and sales management. Who is Rendition? Rendition Pest Control is part of Rendition Initial ? one of the worlds largest providers of business services. Formed over 80 years ago in the I-J and more than 43 years ago here in Trinidad, the company has grown to become Trinidad longest-established, best known and most trusted pest control service provider (about Rendition). . 2 Company Background The company caters for residential and commercial customers by providing optimum pest protection nationwide. The orientation of the firm is an outside-in process, which is the emphasis on what the customer needs. Therefore the firm is considered being marketing oriented. Marketing orientation holds that achieving organization depends on identifying the needs and wants of customers and providing products and services t o satisfy them (BIB, Topic 1: Foundations of selling and sales management 2014). We will write a custom essay sample on Selling and sales management specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Selling and sales management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Selling and sales management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Rendition sales department fits well integrated with the organizations other departments such as marketing, finance and human resource department as seen in Appendix 1 . The sales manager communicate well with other managers for example, he its sales manager works with the companys head accountant when dealing with sales forecasting and budging; the marketing manager to ensure that sales and marketing activities are integrated and also the human resource manager so that he or she would be aware of modern development for his or her sales force personnel. They also keep a close relationship with the firms technicians who deliver, install and Rendition sales force contributes to the market intelligence gathering. By collecting and analyzing data about the markets in which they are situated, companies gain liable insight into how to grow their business (Palermo 2013). The companys sales people are out daily meeting and building relationships with customers, therefore, the company sees its sales people as being a primary source of competitive information. Therefore a written report with suggestions is mandatory to be handed in to the sales manager who then forwards it to the respective managers of other departments. The sales people for example can find out what new products are introduced by competitors and what promotions and discount they currently have or may have. This information when forwarded to the marketing department, in accordance to an email sent by the lecturer, can assist the company in implementing the right strategy that will compete with its competitors in a timely manner. At Rendition Trinidad, because there are a number of important differences in emphasis between consumer and organization buying that has important implications for the marketing of goods and services, the sales department at the company is broken into two sections, residential and commercial as seen in Appendix 1 . These sub-divisions of the sales department comprise of specialized sales people who targets and study these buyers behaviors. When studying the companys BBC (business to consumer) buyers, the salespeople focuses on firstly who makes the buying decision. The company trains it salesperson to indemnify the decider, the individual with the power and/or financial authority to make the ultimate choice regarding which product to buy Cobber Lancaster 2012). They believe that the decider is the only person that is importance of closing the sale. They also know how important it is to explain to the consumer the need of the product. As for pest control and other services by the firm such as fly control and bird intro, the salesperson make clear the dangers associated with the problem and also give samples and a free trial period. In terms of information gathering, this is when both managers of the sales and marketing department come together. Rendition made the information of its products so pronounced that the company is the most recognized when dealing with pest control in the country. The information of the products can be found in magazines, newspaper and the internet. This helps the company when it comes to consumers evaluating alternatives that Rendition can be a first choice. 3. The Organization Buyer Organization buying is the decision-making process by which formal organizations establish the need for purchased products and services and identify, evaluate, and choose among alternative brands and suppliers (Webster Wind n. D). Firstly the firm knows how these organizational buyers behave by training its salesperson. This is a type of collaboration between the sales and human resource department. The salespeople at Rendition focuses on the decision making unit (DAM) because they are aware that in organizations the purchasing officer alone may not be the only person hat influences or actually have the finally say or authority in the ultimate decision. Therefore the task of the salespeople at the firm is to identify the key members in the decision making in order to convince them the worth of the product. The BIB has fewer buyers but these buyers are of great worth therefore the salespeople at the company make it compulsory to generate a close long-term relationship with these buyers. Also because the BIB buyer can be more complex and risky the salespeople are more advance in the commercial section of the department and it is considered a promotion from the residential section. To be effective, sales activities need to take place within the context of an overall strategic marketing plan. Only then can we ensure that our sales efforts complement, rather than compete with, other marketing activities Cobber Lancaster 2012). At Rendition the firm uses a STOW Analysis to develop its sales and marketing strategies. The companys STOW analysis is illustrated in Appendix 2. In order to determine the STOW Analysis for Rendition, the sales and marketing managers work with other departmental managers and brainstorm what are the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the organization. The information provided assists the sales managers in determining the most effective sales and marketing strategies in conjunction with the marketing manager. Some of the strategies that the company is currently working on are Enhancing promotions on strong, well established products, as well as new products. Developing infrastructures to market to Tobago and opening an emergency hotlist. The sales manager also works along with the finance manager or head accountant to help in budgeting these strategies. One of the most recent projects of the company ad to enhance marketing and sales was its Pasturage. The Pasturage which was titled Biting back at bugs to raise pest awareness is to offer consumers a unique dining experience of sweet and savory edible insects. The companys website stated that, The aim of Renditions Pasturage is to raise your awareness of common pest problems and demonstrate our commitment to professional pest control and innovation, helping us to stay one step ahead of the natural evolution of pests. A team of experts will be available to offer valuable advice and top tips on how to avoid pest infestation in your home or at work and answer any of your pest related concerns. This was a well thought out strategy that all managers came together to execute. Rendition salespeople undergo intense training to execute sales techniques. They learn how and who to target. This targeting strategy is done by using techniques direct marketing and the use of the internet. 5. 1 Direct Marketing Direct marketing the distribution of products, information and promotional benefits to target customers through interactive communication in a way which allows response to be measured Cobber Lancaster 2012). The companys sales department does this by direct mail; inserts, which are leaflets in magazines and newspapers and door to door leafleting. The firm knows how to manage its direct marking by launching a direct marketing campaign. There are five steps in a direct marketing guide. Firstly by indemnifying and understanding the target audience. Rendition sales manager and team do this by segmenting geographically areas that are most likely prone to pest infestation and the number of people being affected. Secondly, the team sets campaign objectives. One objective they recently used was immunization by creating awareness such as it Pasturage as mention before. The third step is creative decisions. Rendition produces a creative brief which is submitted to the Agency that will design their leaflets for guidance on the companys objectives in terms of capturing the right audience. It will entail what are the benefits of their products and messages need to be communicated in order to capture the prospective customers attention. The forth step is the media decision such as direct mail method the company uses and the final step is campaign execution of the action plan and evaluating the objectives. 5. 2 The Internet and I. T. Applications The second technique used by the sales department is the use of the internet. Online marketing is the fastest-growing part of direct marketing and direct marketing is the fastest growing form of marketing (Armstrong Kettle 2011). The salespeople develop skills for this type of method by outsourced special trainers in this type of field. This has a large impact on the sales force because it frees up salespeople from their desk which allows them to be on the road more meeting customers because of smart phones that are given to them by the company. The many website also allows potential and existing residential and commercial customers to produce their own quotations and visit the weapon Contact us seen in Appendix 3, to initiate a contact by Renditions personnel. This was developed for the customers convenience as well as ensuring of feedback on a timely basis. Salespeople at Rendition use social networks also to interact with customer and seek new ones. The company has its own faceable page www. faceable. Com/ reinterpretations where salespeople interact with potential and existing customers who they can try to close a sale with for example explaining to them about new and existing products. The page is also used as a tool to provide pertinent guidance to the public on Pest Hot Topics. This research paper concludes that Rendition Trinidad sales department is well integrated with the other departments of the company and all managers work together in efforts to meet objectives. It also shows that the company has a well trained sales force that understands consumers and organizations behavior when buying and the strategies the firm sales manager uses and techniques are well executed by its salespeople when meeting new, existing and potential customers. Although the company is seemed to be doing very well in Trinidad, it should take a few recommendations into consideration. Firstly, when the salespeople go out into the field meeting customers and obtaining market intelligence, this information can also be forwarded to the Research and Development (RD) department. When communicating with customers, salespeople can also find out what products or doing well and which should be discontinued. This department however is not situated in Trinidad but in the companys home country which is in England therefore the sales manager should report in information gathered to the general manager who should then forward it overseas to the home branch and into the respectful department. Secondly the company can use a next type of media as a sales technique, for instance telemarketing. Telemarketing is one of the best and the most efficient marketing tools for any business organization. If you are not using this, you are leaving a lot of money on the table Monsoons 2013). Therefore the company can obtain a toll free number which allow everyone to contact them without being charged which makes it easier and more convenient to keep in touch with new and existing clients.