Beauty Therapy for Wellness | Business Plan

Magnificence Therapy for Wellness | Business Plan Section 2 The Business My Background: The thought for this business has been getting arranged out in my brain since I initially started examining Beauty Therapy at James Watt College. My long periods of client support understanding, that I increased past to beginning school, in friendliness both in an administrative job and a colleague will work well for me and can be adjusted to suit the magnificence and corresponding treatments industry. At the point when I began I knew my ultimate objective was to set up my very own independent venture utilizing the capabilities I was to pick up, I didn't, anyway acknowledge at the time that I would proceed to seek after integral treatments. During the 3 years I have been examining I went from magnificence, to spa course and afterward onto Complementary Therapies, I have been a committed understudy all through this time and consistently took on any test given to me. I have buckled down all through this time and as an outcome to the difficult work I have done I was extended to an employment opportunity in the 5 star Blythswood Square Spa where I had done my position, I have been there for very nearly 2 years now where I have built up my ability and information base, this had permitted me to work with a wide range of individuals and experience the work I need to do. I have additionally had the chance to observe direct numerous great working practices, which has given me a lot of thoughts of how I can see my business and medicines running. Just as my time in school and the spa I additionally accomplish telecommute with customers I have met through dear loved ones. This has let me construct a little customer base with whom I can swear by at calmer occasions in the start of my new pursuit. I have included a duplicate of my CV in Appendix 2. The Idea: The thought for my business will be a room in the nearby wellbeing place in which I will offer reciprocal treatments. Back rub will be the primary center, I will offer constrained fragrance based treatment utilizing pre-mixed oils which have been pre-mixed and named before I get them. The fundamental medicines I will offer will be Swedish back rub, profound tissue knead, sports/therapeutic back rub, Indian head rub, fragrance based treatment (utilizing pre-mixed oils) and facials. I will be working intimately with the medicinal services experts in the inside in which the business is based and will take referrals from them to attempt to help the patients in their human services needs. The business will be not quite the same as anyplace in the region as there are just salons around, which are all significantly more centered around magnificence treatment and nails rather than back rub and corresponding treatments. Business Name: My business name will be A Tranquil Touch, serene methods calm, quiet or tranquil and this is the means by which I plan my business to be. I will expect to consistently have a quiet climate, quiet staff should I have to grow or find support and consistently leave my customers feeling peaceful and loose. The touch part alludes to the back rub medicines I will offer. Position to Date: The entirety of my underlying exploration has been completely aggregated and when I have bought the items and gear required and register that I am independently employed to HMRC I will be in a situation to open. Statement of purpose: A Tranquil Touch will be a position of quiet and peacefulness, as the name recommends. I will offer the most ideal support to my customers through difficult work, superb client care, exclusive requirements and polished methodology. I will plan to give a spot and treatment list for which my customers will wish to return over and over to get the integral treatments they need so as to feel their best. Momentary targets: Throughout the following a year I plan to accomplish ordinary visits from existing customers from the wellbeing community and of my own, nearby new faces through suggestions and with effective publicizing through Facebook, through advancement, bundles and pricelists. Banners will be in plain view in the wellbeing community, town corridors, schools and other open structures around, value records will be accessible in different areas all through the different areas also. To guarantee a productive business later on and build up a sound demographic I will publicize as much as Possible before opening and in the first year refreshing and rustling up new business through advancements and promoting as and when is vital. Long haul goals: My focus on what's to come is to grow the business into a wellbeing community, where customers can come to unwind, loosen up, tweak their psyches and bodies and improve any clinical they are accepting from the NHS. I would want to have a fruitful business and utilize staff to run a room each at whatever day. I might likewise want to incorporate a wonder room as a major aspect of the business to enable customers to look tantamount to they feel, patterns are quick moving notwithstanding and keeping in mind that I will endeavor to proceed with my own learning and that of my staff, I would take over as an overseeing job giving medicines as and whenever the situation allows. I will consistently be 100% engaged with my business, steady to workers, continually taking a gander at things through the clients eyes while giving the most ideal customer venture for all. Industry Analysis Circulation Chanel: A Tranquil Touch, based inside Port Glasgow Health Center, is an all encompassing salon with a well disposed and loosened up ethos in which gives an exclusive requirement of back rub administrations. The technique for circulation is immediate appropriation as the administration is coming legitimately from myself to my customers and they go to the premises. Rivalry: For A Tranquil Touch I need to separate myself from different salons in the region that offer a comparable kind of administration. In the wake of investigating I found that there are 4 salons in the encompassing region of Port Glasgow Health Center, who are my immediate rivals. There is a hole in the region for an assistance which focuses on reciprocal treatments, gaining practical experience in back rub and which isn't centered around excellence medicines yet hopes to improve the wellbeing and prosperity of its customers. Subsequent to having conveyed a survey (remembered for addendum 3) and addressing my own customers I have increased through versatile administrations, I discovered that they need a business they can feel sure will furnish them with administrations and medicines to supplement and improve the human services they are getting from the NHS. A great many people appear to be uninformed of the additional advantages of back rub or don't believe that beauty parlors are the best spot to get these medicines (a few instances of the returned surveys are remembered for addendum 4). Direct Competitors Tres Mar: 5 Church Street, Port Glasgow, PA14 5EH are the salon in my general vicinity I consider to be my most grounded rivals. They offer fragrant healing, reflexology and chiropody just as back rub, facials and sports rub. Right now they are frequently completely reserved yet this generally with nails, waxing and the other excellence medicines they offer. For whatever length of time that I keep my costs low I ought to have the option to focus on my customer base and keep them. I will likewise offer distinctive opening times keeping my room open late when they are not so as to target customers subsequent to working hours (I have incorporated a duplicate of the treatment value list in informative supplement 5). Amethyst Hair and Beauty: King Street, Port Glasgow are the nearest salon to the wellbeing community where I will be based, right now they do offer facials yet have no body knead medicines on their treatment menu as they offer increasingly shallow medicines, for example, nails, lashes, waxing and hair dressing. This ought to be of incredible advantage to me. I may likewise attempt to cause a connection with the salon where we to can offer referrals to our customers (I have incorporated a duplicate of the treatment value list in addendum 5). The other 2 salons in the territory are the Relaxation Room and Brown Street Hair and Beauty. Both of these salons are moderately new and furthermore offer for the most part excellence medicines, as they are not yet entrenched inside the region and have not done much in the method of publicizing I don't consider them to be a significant danger, as long as my promoting is done well I am certain I can set up my business in the region without an excess of trouble in the method of rivalry. Operational Plan Administrations: I intend to offer various sorts of back rub which will be Swedish, Aromatherapy (utilizing pre-mixed oils), profound tissue, sports/healing, Indian head, bamboo, hot stones and facials in any case. I will offer full body and have numerous alternatives for part body which will be back, neck and shoulders, facial, scalp neck and shoulders, legs and feet, hand and arm, stomach and chest, neck and shoulders. All back rubs will be redone to address the issues of the customer and will along these lines be bespoke, this is something totally not quite the same as that which is offered in any of the encompassing salons and will be my primary selling point. Cost: The lease for the space for the first 2 months will cost me  £600. The room is in stroll in condition and needs no improving, because of the particular idea of the business I will require next to no hardware which is knead bed at approx  £350, hot stone radiator and stones  £100, a hot towel bureau  £150 and a choice of towels (enormous and little), face fabrics and gloves on which I gauge I should go through  £100 regardless. My different costs will be items and consumables, for example, sofa move, spatulas, bowls, emergency treatment unit, grapeseed oil, pre-mixed fragrance based treatment oil, chemical, toner, cover, exfoliator, cotton cushions, tissues, knead cream and lotions all of which I can get for a surmised cost of  £200 to kick me off. I can get the entirety of this from excellence express which will downplay my delivery costs. As I plan on paying my protection with my own cash I gauge I will require a rough aggregate of  £1500 to kick me off. Lawful Entity: The lawful element I will exchange under will be as a sole dealer as I will be working for myself, leasing a room and exclusively answerable for firing it up. Hence, there are no specific legitimate customs to cling to and no arranging consent is required as the transport

Goodwill Stores A Business Case Free Essays

The condition given portrays how significant money limits are when investigated, all things considered. The last forces account holders to pay on time their liabilities and when they do as such, picking up derivations on their payables to one or a few people (their lenders). Appropriately, it additionally features some shift of norms as businesspersons become progressively mindful on the best way to oversee or control the said conclusions. We will compose a custom paper test on Altruism Stores: A Business Case or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Like in the given circumstance wherein the money limits were as yet recorded however paid after the markdown period where the business accused the sorting room or the mail station for the deferral (utilizing the long procedure the explanation of default of installment). In all probability, in that given case, just a couple of segment of the money rebate will be depleted against protest which, I believe, is a bit of leeway to the bank (from 4% money markdown to 3% due to delay) since that doesn't totally debilitate the sum of money rebate. In addition, indebted individuals regularly perceive and acknowledge that cause making the full installment despite everything fall on the rebate time frame however was truly paid past it. So the firm, rather than paying their obligations on legitimate time (w/rebate), expands their genuine installment on it utilizing the cash to some more exchanges that includes credit terms or understanding. Ulysses, being another representative of the organization, would just follow or hang on into that â€Å"special norm† examined to him by Lavares; that standard that absolves a portion of our regarded information relating a specific business idea. Most firms, particularly the low winning one, will probably be actuated by such having their explanation â€Å"Other organizations do it anyway† (Peer pressure) and the reasoning that it is so conceivable and by one way or another licit. Given these helpful favorable circumstances doing such, it is still best to follow things in accordance with some basic honesty or on what is correct (installment on the best possible rebate time frame). By that, in any event, he would guarantee that he won't make some hard memories when dozing around evening time. Conversation 1. What are the moral contemplations for this situation? Once more, it is still best for account holders to pay their obligations inside the best possible rebate time frame (security of self and of business). Considering these â€Å"ethical considerations† that must be watched or, more than likely the firm will endure their relating outcomes, we may attest to the potential-burdensome nature that incompliance of account holder may offer. Given the way that lenders may interest for exposure on specific pieces of his debtor’s record, the last ought to at any rate be arranged and has a valid justification out of that, ought to have the option to elucidate something significant on it (permitting the money rebate), and possibly present substantial confirmations that is appropriate and sensible or, in all likelihood he would endure the thing in addition to harms. Given the rights in completely inspecting the record (by investigating the record of money to check if the borrower truly paid inside the rebate time frame), the bank may know whether the account holder genuinely paid on that day or not. Another point here will be the need of loan bosses of cash on the last date of rebate period. Since no cash was gotten by him, it is obvious that he some way or another endured something (for example he likewise has an obligation to somebody). Furthermore, the best possible or simply solution for that will be the undoing likewise of the money rebate he gave his borrowers (the individuals who pay past the markdown period and keep on accusing the mail station, and so on to support the money rebate). The issue in those contemplations is that lone a couple applies it. They simply keep everything, the activities, quick and in accordance with their rivals and clients’ needs without worry to the key standards they ought to apply (realizing just is inconsequential). 2. Who are the partners that are hurt or profited in this circumstance? Account holders, given the last mentioned, ought to likewise remember that the in time when they are currently in the situation of a loan boss allocating money limits, there is an incredible chance of them experiencing with the end goal that would likewise defer the correct date of installment yet still get the money markdown through reasons and reasons. Here, it would be preference if the loan boss would not permit such on the grounds that he himself really did likewise in time he was a borrower. This suggests the reasonableness today that most would consider or recognize money limits regardless of whether they are paid somewhat late, contingent upon the circumstance. Once more, the embodiment of tempt is here that powers lenders to overlook not-on-time installments. Having that specific circumstance, we may show up or know that there are people profiting and not profiting by it. The individuals who profit by it by and large would be the account holders. They are the people absolved from the deferral in installment or simply endure a little decrease in the markdown rate concurred. Another advantage out of that would be the possibility that they could animate more the inflows and outpourings of the firm’s cash. Those marketing firms that issue charge deals receipt in a large portion of his exchanges frequently advantage from these (enormous receivables all subject to money markdown). Likewise, loan bosses are people hurt out of it. Damage here would rely upon the need of bank for cash on the grounds that once more, there are situations where installment to one is relied on the installment of another. On the off chance that the loan boss couldn't pay his lender and get the rebate sum as a result of no installment of his indebted person, the best cure would likewise be the abrogation of the latter’s option to money markdown. Having all that, we may esteem that the individuals who are new to these sorts of things and thoughts would in all probability be hurt. 3. Should Ulysses proceed with the training began by Philmon? Does he have any decision? At the outset, indeed, he should proceed with the training began by Philmon. He should, from the start, look and see more the circumstance the firm is going up against and the entirety of the issues in it as to the office he was set in. In time he definitely knows the entirety of the business’ complexities and such; he may now begin to see himself as commendable and start to appeal to for correction or recommendation of things and thoughts (development) in agreement to what he esteems increasingly fitting and progressively moral depending on his generous information about the issue and to some degree cause it to relate more with the moral contemplations examined before. Taking a gander at the decisions he has given this circumstance, I think he has many. In the event that he regularly feels uncertain taking a shot at such thought that it might be licit or not, he would not have the option to perform well his activity on the firm and would ideally be set in another firm that generally simply do something very similar. Given that reality, it is still best just to go on with it and gradually improve the things by means of suggestions, proposition, and so on. Suggestion First would be for the firm to pull back and arrange all its late installments and pay them rather on schedule. At that point center around things the business could loan or offer credit to (amplifying the chance to gracefully advance). So in the opportune time, they would begin getting their ideal cash close by adequate to cover what they will give their indebted individuals. Beside security, doing such may give a decent mental impact to laborers like Ulysses who takes part in getting ready and dating of checks. Having such instead of work, the constant quintessence of inspiration will almost certain be watched and brought driving tasks up in an increasingly gainful structure. Furthermore, developments, authority, collaboration, and so forth would likewise rise. Step by step instructions to refer to Goodwill Stores: A Business Case, Papers

Determination of % Composition of Pennies Using Redox and Double Displacement (Precipitation) Reactions Essay Example for Free

Assurance of % Composition of Pennies Using Redox and Double Displacement (Precipitation) Reactions Essay Presentation: Oxidation includes the addition of electrons of hydrogen or the loss of oxygen or reduction in oxidation state. On the off chance that zinc totally responds with HCL, at that point the hypothetical yield of copper ought to be equal to the real yield. Reason: In this lab, we will decide the percent creation of an advanced (post-1982) penny by utilizing a solid corrosive to respond and break up the zinc center, leaving just the copper covering. When just copper remains, we will contrast its mass with the whole mass of the penny to decide the amount of a penny is copper and what amount is zinc. 1. Acquire one 50.0 mL measuring utencil, and mark the recepticle with your NAME and HOUR. 2. Acquire a penny dated 1982 or later. Wash the penny with cleanser and water to get it clean. 3. Utilizing a triangular record to make FOUR oppositely-set little sections into the edge of the penny (the imprints with be roughly 90 degrees separated. The sections must be sufficiently profound so the zinc is uncovered, yet not all that profound that the pennys mass is enormously influenced. 4. Clean the top and base surface of the penny with steel fleece until it’s gleaming. Flush the penny in CH3)2CO and dry it on paper towel. 5. Decide the mass of the penny on the parity, and record the mass in the table on the base of the page. Expelled the penny from the equalization utilizing tweezers and spot it in its container. 6. While wearing gloves, cautiously empty 50 mL 3M HCl into the measuring utencil. 7. Spot your marked measuring glass under the smoke hood to respond. Watch the impact the corrosive has on the copper outside of the penny. Inquiries to reply to help manage the advancement of methods for the assurance of the percent copper and zinc in pennies through titration and gravimetric procedures: 1. What is the heaviness of a post 1982 penny? 2.5 grams 2. What is the percent copper and zinc in a post 1982 penny? 97.5% zinc, 2.5% copper 3. What number of grams of copper and zinc are in a post 1982 penny? 97.5 grams zinc, 2.5 grams copper 4. What number of moles of copper and zinc are in post 1982 pennies? 5. Compose a decent response of zinc with HCl. Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g). 6. What number of moles of HCl are expected to respond totally with the entirety of the zinc in a post 1982 penny? 2.5 7. In a system created to decide the percent zinc in post 1982 pennies, 50 ml of a HCl arrangement was utilized to respond (break down) the entirety of the zinc in the penny. To guarantee total response, the arrangement contains twice the same number of moles of HCl that is really required. What centralization of HCl ought to be utilized? In the situation portrayed in issue 7, what is the sum (in moles) of overabundance (unreacted) HCl in arrangement? 9. What number of moles of NaOH would be expected to totally respond with the entirety of the abundance HCl decided in issue 8? 10. As portrayed in issue 7, a methodology was created to decide the percent zinc in post 1982 pennies. In that system 50 ml of a HCl was utilized to respond (break down) the entirety of the zinc in the penny. To guarantee total response, the arrangement contains twice the same number of moles of HCl that is really required. To decide the percent zinc in the penny, the abundance (unreacted) HCl was titrated with NaOH. Decide the grouping of NaOH required on the off chance that you need to utilize around 25 mL of NaOH to titrate the abundance HCl. 11. Compose the reasonable compound response of zinc with HCl (same as issue 5). Is the result of this response solvent in watery arrangement? 12. Compose the reasonable compound response of the result of the response depicted above (issue 11) with NaOH. Is the result of this response dissolvable in fluid arrangement?

A Patriarchal World Essay -- essays papers

A Patriarchal World John Bodnar says it well when he recommends that the focal point of regular day to day existence was to be found in the family-family. It was here that past qualities and present truths were accommodated, inspected on an understandable scale, assessed and intervened. This affirmation suggests that the worker family-family unit is the vehicle of digestion. I will make this attestation a stride further and inspect all the more explicitly the ground-breaking job of the male centric dad inside Anzia Yezierska's book Bread Givers and Barry Levinson's film Avalon. Yezierska's topic strikingly delineates the requirement of a man centric world, while Levinson represents the procedure of absorption and the outsider, presently American, family and its decay. In this paper, I will epitomize how the male centric dad, Sam Kochinsky (Armin Mueller-Stahl) and Reb Smolinsky are the key determinant of the elements by which the family absorbs. In digestion, you are said to fit in with your environmental factors. Absorption is a procedure by which you accommodate the perfect with the real world. Managing for all intents and purposes three ages of a whole Jewish American worker experience, Levinson delineates not really the converging of two societies, however potentially the spoiling of credibility, obfuscating (recollections of) the natural the scoundrel being the TV. The upbeat network of more distant family is, at long last, displaced by the gleaming simpleton box that executes discussion and transforms its rural crowd into zombies. In Yezierska's work, she exemplifies the battle between the Old World and the New World. The male centric dad, speaking to conventional Jewish ways, and Sara Smolinsky, the courageous woman, battling against her dad with the craving to accommodate with the real world. In Bread Givers, Yezierska emblematically delineates Sara as the settler separating her ways as she leaves once more on the excursion that was given to her when she showed up by which to change her life-managing the day by day change as she battles to hold together the needs of society and her (families) genuineness in nowadays of profound difficulties. The leader of the family, Reb Smolinsky is a steadily Orthodox Jewish rabbi, who lives by the Holy Torah, and anticipates that his family should do likewise. His rule over the family fortifies Old World, conventional qualities and convictions. Reb holds to the Torah conviction that in the event that they [women] let... ...ggested an adjustment in the expectations that Jules would basically have a superior life than that of a backdrop holder. In setting up TV a New World, Levinson depicts how a modest, vainglorious, poor substitute in some way or another enticed and delighted the family. Maybe Levinson is stating that in spite of the fact that it might be the simpler to meet, digestion is excessively exorbitant. Then again, you have Reb whose obstinate convictions and male predominance combined with an aloof spouse permit him to guarantee power over his girl's lives. Disdain is very harming and isolates families too. Whichever way you take a gander at it the standpoint is ideal for neither digestion nor seclusion. Thus I finish up in saying that the male centric dad has a particularly significant job and keeping in mind that he needs the quality found in Yezierska's character, Reb, (so as to hold the family together) he should likewise be eager to adjust to an evolving reality. Movement is neither a call for digestion nor detachment. Distinction is significant, however why oppose change when you can better yourself simultaneously. List of sources: Levinson, Barry. Avalon. 1990. Yesierska, Anzia. Bread Givers. Persea Books: New York, 1999.

The Taming of the Shrew Essay -- Shakespeare Plays Papers

The Taming of the Shrew In assuming the assignment of coordinating The Taming of the Shrew, Gregory Doran followed in a long queue of executives that were confronted with the test of how to mount one of Shakespeare's difficult plays. The primary issue of the play is the manner by which to manage the ruthless treatment of Katharine by Petruchio. It is male control of the female through viciousness and starvation that inevitable breaks Kate's will and restrains her. The interpretive signal saved to the chief is to choose how totally Kate gets loyal to Petruchio and on the off chance that she really goes gaga for him. There is additionally the general endeavor to mollify the cruelty of the content through presentation, utilizing incongruity to mellow the agonizing activity occurring on the stage. Past creations have discovered shifting methods of managing these issues to make the play absorbable to present day crowds. Incredible freedom is normally taken with the content so as to legitimize the misanthropic suggestions of the play. One significant method of managing the issues of the play is done through the consideration or prohibition of the enlistment. The play opens with the alcoholic Sly being deceived to accept he is sovereignty, and the whole of The Taming of the Shrew is a presentation for his advantage. Its incorporation in this way fills in as a surrounding gadget that can remove the crowd from the troublesome pieces of the show, as the crowd is made aware of the way that they are just viewing a presentation. To avoid the enlistment makes the activity in front of an audience all the more genuine, it is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to dismiss the story as negligible showy behavior. A case of the use of the enlistment is the John Barton creation in 1960, with Peter O'Toole as Petruchio. The cut scenes including editorial from Sly from The Taming of a ... ...o. Plainly Doran didn't see the creation about a clash of the genders, however rather as a romantic tale between two individuals who experience issues identifying with all others around them. Both Kate and Petruchio are reconceived as unreliable individuals who are truth be told, solid willed so as to shroud their feelings of dread of their insufficiencies. Doran discovered inspiration for the activities of the play that depended on content to make an extraordinary perspective on the characters. Holderness, Graham. Shakespeare in Performance: The Taming of the Shrew. Manchester University Press. Manchester. 1989. Holland, Peter. English Shakespeare: Shakespeare on the English stage during the 1990s. Cambridge University Press. Joined Kingdom. 1997. Spencer, Charles. Entertaining, contacting - and wise. London Telegraph. April 2003. Thompson, Ann. The Taming of the Shrew. Cambridge University Press. Joined Kingdom. 2003.

SIPA Energy Association Welcome Message COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

SIPA Energy Association Welcome Message COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog There are many student groups at SIPA that provide a place for discussion, debate, fun, networking, and friendship.   A full list of student groups can be found by clicking here.   One such group, the SIPA Energy Association, asked me to send out a message to incoming students that selected Energy and the Environment as a concentration.   However I thought it would be nice to post the message for all to view.   Orientation will feature a time to get to know representatives from other groups as well. Dear Incoming International Energy Management and Policy (IEMP) Track Student, On behalf of the SIPA Energy Association (SEA) Board, congratulations on your acceptance into the School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) and on your choice to follow the IEMP Track.   The IEMP Track is one of the most prestigious energy programs in the world, and will equip you with the requisite skills to succeed in the dynamic international energy sector. I would like to take this opportunity to briefly introduce you to SEA, a student-run organization whose efforts (with your involvement) will positively complement your academic achievements.   The primary missions of SEA are 1) to build a closely-knit community of students and practitioners of energy, 2) to enhance the energy curriculum by conducting a broad spectrum of activities outside the classroom, and 3) to act as the collective voice of energy students vis-a-vis the Center for Energy, Marine Transportation and Public Policy (CEMTPP), the body which administers the IEMP Track. SEA works closely with CEMTPPs director as well as the IEMP Program Assistant (PA), to schedule guest speakers, panels, site visits, energy-related international trips and much, much more.   Programming for the 2009-2010 academic year is already underway.   You can expect to attend the IEMP fall retreat, the Joint SIPA-SAIS Washington DC Energy Policy and Career Networking Trip, the Annual Alumni Dinner, the NYMEX trading competition, the Spring Energy Symposium and countless individual speakers, to name a few.   In addition, SEA releases a monthly student-run alumni newsletter, and plans to publish the first edition of a student-run SIPA Energy Journal this fall.   Finally, because SEA believes in building comradery amongst energy peers and establishing lasting relationships, we host countless happy hours throughout the year. How can you get involved?   SEA strives to foster a culture of commitment to the energy program.   Thus, we believe the more you become engaged in SEAs mission, the more you will gain personally and professionally during your time at SIPA.   In addition to attending general member events, all SEA members are invited to volunteer to assist with larger events, initiate and execute new projects (subject to the boards approval), or compete for various assistant director or editorial positions.   Please mark your calendars for the First General Member SEA Meeting, scheduled for Thursday, September 10th from 7-9 pm in SIPA IAB room 1512.   At this meeting, you will have the opportunity to meet SEA Board members and learn details about membership and involvement, dues, and perhaps most importantly, be entered into the listserv as well as into the SEA peer networking database to assist you in your career building activities. Until then, please feel free to contact one of the following SEA Board members (according to the first letter of your last name) with any questions about SEA, the IEMP Track and energy curriculum, CEMTPP, SIPA or regarding any other general issues.: Last name A-I contact JP Yorro (President): jpy2103 [at] columbia.edu Last name J-R contact Meaghan Casey (Vice President): mec2175 [at] columbia.edu Last name S-Z contact Jeffrey Klug (Director of Communications): jjk2162 [at] columbia.edu Again, congratulations on your acceptance into the program.   We look forward to meeting you all in September! Sincerely, JP Yorro President, SEA

The Way to Enlightenment Production and Consumption in Nicholson Bakers The Mezzanine - Literature Essay Samples

Nicholson Bakers The Mezzanine suspends time for both the protagonist and the reader, with the escalator serving as a symbol of the productive and consumptive postmodern society. Because of the escalator, the storys narrator and other contemporary office workers have more time to devote to their work and are thus more productive. And while some critics deplore the rate of production and consumption in society and call for a return to the humanist days, Bakers novel posits that the post-modern world actually encourages contemplation; he turns the notion of a hyper-productive, dehumanized postmodern world on its head. Like Prousts madeleine, the escalator ride opens Howies mind to numerous involuntary memories. When he approaches the escalator, his recollections begin: It would have been less cumbersome, in the account I am giving here of a specific lunch hour several years ago, to have pretended that the bag thought had come to me complete and all at once at the foot of the up esc alator, but the truth was that it was only the latest in a fairly long sequence of partially forgotten, inarticulable experiences, finally now reaching a point that I paid attention to it for the first time. (Baker, p. 9)The narrators memories quickly begin to open up, one on top of another, because of a simple lunchtime errand. His contemplation does not need to occur away from the bustle of his workday life, it is his workday life and one of the ubiquitous symbols of postmodern convenience, the stapled CVS bag that facilitates the memories (Baker, p. 9). The phase were in now, is multinational or consumer capitalism . . . and correlated with postmodernism is the world depicted in The Mezzanine (Klages, par. 15). Howies participation in this contemporary capitalist society, where he is both a producer and a consumer, are essential to his enlightenment. The escalator is also a metaphor for the readers endeavor, Reading, as the site where textual mediation is realized, migh t therefore be appropriately described as a vehicle of local transport, of travel without leaving home, in which one moves, metaphorically, on the spot (Chambers, par. 18). The Mezzanine for the reader is what the escalator is for Howie, the vehicle through which time is exploded from its linear standard and depicted more pastiche-like, a narrative style that is common in postmodern literature. The pastiche narrative is similar to the inner mind; it is not linear: digressions counternarrative affinity with the paradigmatic dimension, the dimension of lists and listing, is itself associated with memory, as the faculty that both realizes and mental continuities and, on occasion, interrupts them with sudden disjunctions, or second messages' (Chambers, par. 15). The narrators errands, which must take place during his one-hour lunch break, are the primary message within the story. However, his tasks within this specified period are triggers for the second messages that are essentially Howie meditating on his life. The style of The Mezzanines narrative is the first of several indicators that the novel is Bakers nod to the benefits of a productive and consumptive, i.e. a postmodern, society. Baker rejects grand narratives, favors mini-narratives, stories that explain small practices, local events, rather than large-scale universal or global concepts (Klages, par. 29). Through his seemingly mundane lunchtime routine, Howie is able to peel away at the layers of his life, and it is through these layers or mini-narratives that the reader empathizes with the protagonist and gains a pleasurable shock of recognition (Simmons, par. 18). The narrator is not coming down from on high to tell the reader how things are or should be, he is merely sharing the beauty that he has discovered in his everymans life. Postmodernists pull art back into the maelstrom of daily life; Bakers novel exemplifies this movement (McGowan, par. 2). Like those opposed to postmodernism, Ho wie at first attempts to resist the influences of the world around him by literally shutting out the noise; he uses earplugs both at home and at work. But he eventually recognizes that it is when he is without the earplugs, and allows the world to seep into his consciousness, that he is the most content: Lunch hours I never wore them; and possibly this explained why my thoughts had a different kind of upper harmonic during lunch (Baker, p. 109). His contemplation of the earplugs reminds him of one of the most intimate moments he shared with L., his girlfriend:. . . sometimes, to demonstrate special tenderness, she would get the wooden toaster tongs, take hold of an earplug with them, drop it in my ceilingward ear before I had gotten around to doingso, and tamp it in place, saying, You see? You see how muchI love you? (Baker, p. 110)Despite his best efforts to drown out the productive and consumptive world that surrounds him, Howie becomes engaged in an intimate interaction. Without the noise of postmodern society, he would not be using the earplugs and therefore would not have these moments of contentedness nor his intimate interaction with L. The narrators attempted resistance to the outside world bears both personal and professional productivity. Baker refutes the notion that individuals can enjoy autonomy from capitalism, in The Mezzanine he is acknowledging that the very materials of their work come from the culture . . . the individual creator is permeated with, even constituted by, that culture (McGowan, par. 2). No matter how much one fights the influences of postmodern society, they invariably seep into your world. The carton of milk Howie purchases at Papa Ginos reminds him of a carton of Sealtest milk from his childhood. The milk carton is tied to his thoughts about the disappearance of the milk man and milk bottles, which in turn allows Howie to contemplate the disappearance of his own childhood and transition into adulthood: I have, t hen, only one unit of adult thought about milk to weigh against dozens of childhood units. And this is true of many, perhaps most, subjects that are important to me . . . if I could locate the precise moment in my past when I conclusively became an adult, a few simple calculations would determine how many years it will take before I reach this new stage of life: the end of the rule of nostalgia, the beginning of my true majority. And luckily, I can remember the very day that my life as an adult began. (Baker, p. 47) A simple lunchtime purchase of a cookie compels Howie to purchase a carton of milk that is the key to his consideration not only of the evolution of consumer design (the transition from milk bottles to milk cartons) but the consideration of his own mind, the power of memory, and the relation of both to the passing of time. Howie revisits this particular contemplative vein later in the story, when he recalls his tardiness to work earlier that day: An d this was when I realized abruptly that as of that minute, (impossible to say exactly which minute), I had finished with whatever large-scale growth I was going to have as a human being, and that I was now permanently arrested at an intermediatestage of personal development . . . I was a man, but I was not nearly the magnitude of man I had hoped I might be. (Baker, p. 54)Howie can assess his personal development by means of how he reacts to the products around him, a typical measure of postmodern art that aspired to use the affective power of images much as popular culture does (McGowan, par. 3). With every evolution of the milk container, which is essentially a fetish for the narrator, comes additional knowledge. Bakers narrator possesses a keen intellect that is not limited to his waxing on about consumer items. While some may scorn the postmodernists for their lack of adherence to order and, in literature, the grand narrative, Baker believes that you can appreciat e one while having your feet firmly planted in the other. Howie offhandedly refers to works of art and literature that are not of the postmodern vein, An image came to me Ingress portrait of Napoleon . . . I felt like Balboa or Copernicus (Baker, p. 51). He marvels at the escalator or other developments that are inextricably tied to the postmodern, but he is also transfixed by classic literature: A glowing mention in William Edward Hartpole Leckys History of European Morals (which I had been attracted to, browsing in the library one Saturday, by the ambitious title and the luxuriant incidentalism of the footnotes) was what had made me stop in front of the floor-to-ceiling shelf of Penguin classics at the bookstore on a lunch hour two weeks earlier and reach for the thin volume of Aureliuss Meditations (Baker, pp. 121-122)Howie displays an educated literary sensibility, a wit and erudition that sometimes rises to Nabokovian heights (Simmons, par.10). And Bakers nove l presents a postmodern historical imagination . . . while recognizing the distance between Roman virtue and consumerist zeal . . . refuses to see that distance as a disabling one (Simmons, par. 45). Unlike their critics, postmodernists are not elitist; rather they embrace all of their influences be they classical or contemporary. The garbage truck, a symbol of the waste of mass production and consumption, is also a fetish for the narrator. And like the milk containers, the garbage struck allows Howie to view himself and his thinking in relation to the larger time/space continuum: But it was the garbage truck I saw at age thirty on display against the blue sky that reminded me of my old backdrop discovery. Though simple, the trick was something that struck me as useful right now. Thus, the when I was little nostalgia was misleading: it turned something that I was taking seriously as an adult into something soupier, less precise, more falsely exotic, than it really wa s. (Baker, pp. 38-39)Howie has pronounced his denial of nostalgia and his acceptance of the contemporary. The things that we yearn for from the past were at one time the things that we looked upon with doubt because of their newness. In subscribing to the whims of nostalgia, one can never truly enjoy the present, and becomes stuck in an endless cycle with no reward. Whereas if one seizes upon the present, as Baker demonstrates in The Mezzanine, the bliss of nostalgia can still be accessed but without any of the conscious, negative yearning. The narrator also finds pleasure in the towel dispenser in his offices bathroom. To Howie, the dispenser is an absolute marvel, proof that newness and order still exists: The renewing of newness whether it was for me then, and is still, one of the greatest sources of happiness that the man-made world can offer (Baker, p. 93). And like many of the other objects in The Mezzanine, it reminds the narrator that there are similar elements everywhere, that newness and order exists in new Pez dispensers, in parachutists lining up a plane door to jump, in pinball games and slices of bananas, and finally, in the escalator. There is joy to behold in the disposable world; you just need to be open to the experience. In another nod to the benefits of embracing the world of mass production and consumption, Howie finds pleasure in the vestiges of his consumer life: Just after lunch always seemed to be the time to think about practical things like bills and I cant help mentioning here the rarefied pleasure that I took in handling my finances back then; especially the pleasure of getting in the mail fat envelopes filled with charge statements and their receipts. (Baker, p. 69)The narrators role as a consumer gives him pleasure and a feeling of control. The charge receipts, like the old business cards and paycheck stubs that he refers to in another section of the novel, are proof to Howie and the world that Howie exists . To be a consumer is to know your place in society, and for the narrator that is a powerful thing. Jurgen Habermas and Fredric Jameson, in their attack on postmodernism, insisted that a complete immersion in the local gives us no way to judge it and is thus doomed (McGowan, par. 5). Bakers The Mezzanine proves otherwise. The narrator may begin his contemplation with the local, like his charge receipts, but his judgment of those items and how they are metaphors for his own existence goes beyond the immediate. The impetus for personal improvements should not come down from on high as Habermas and Jameson suggest. When improvements are organic, from the local source, is when they are most effective. It is not necessary for the reader, or for the narrator as he recalls his trip up the escalator, to know the larger stories behind the narrators life or his companys mission: While the problems you were paid to solve collapse, the nod of the security guard, his sing-in book, the es calator ride, the things on your desk, the sight of colleagues offices, their faces seen from characteristic angles, the features of the corporate bathroom, all miraculously expand: and in this way what was central and what was incidental end up exactly reversed. (Baker, p. 92)The details of our existence are what we adhere to, not the grand schemes. As Howie recalls the experience of the escalator ride, and the numerous involuntary memories from that day, it is the minutiae that are brought to mind his own organic recollections. They are the markers in his life, and with the distance of several years, each memory provides for Howie the link to the next, and how each has influences his total being. Critics of postmodernism decry mass production and consumption as signs of the degeneration of culture. Postmodernists, like Baker, argue the opposite. If the values that we attach to mass culture have much to do with whether we think ourselves at the end of empire, at th e dawn of a new age, on the forefront of progress, or just muddling through (Simmons, par. 1), then the postmodernists are the optimists, and in Bakers case, see the society on the forefront of progress. Where modernists seek to find binaries and other signs of order, postmodernists celebrate chaos why attempt to assign order where none exists? Baker and the postmodernists assign responsibility to the individual because they believe that, whether or not order exists, individuals are capable of finding meaning in their existence. The plethora of products and images in the postmodern world merely present individuals with increased opportunity for reflection because each is a stimulant unto itself. The human experience, including contemplation and self-discovery, is seldom orderly. It accepts stimuli to produce involuntary memories, and the more stimuli available, the more occasions for reflection.

Essay about King Lear - Seven Deadly Sins - 1206 Words

King Lear: The Seven Deadly Sins The Seven Deadly Sins In the play King Lear Shakespeare demonstrates the tragedy that can occur once humans allow themselves to be taken over by any one of the seven deadly sins. Greed The sin of greed is perfectly exemplified in the character of Edmund. Throughout the play Edmund’s greed is the motivating factor behind all of the decisions that he makes. Edmund, as the illegitimate son of Gloucester plots against his brother in order to obtain his inheritance completely ignoring all familial responsibility in the pursuit of land and money. At the beginning of the play you see that he merely wants to take his brother’s inheritance but as greed gets the better of him he begins to plot against†¦show more content†¦A lust for power is also displayed through Goneril and Regan as they reject their own father in favour of material possessions and power. Wrath At the beginning of the play King Lear denounces Cordelia as his daughter in a fit of rage. He has this reaction simply because she refused to flatter him and speak exaggerations of her love for him. As his favourite daughter, Lear was expecting Cordelia to shower him with compliments and praises like his other two daughters and when this did not occur he was overwhelmed with fury and denounces her as his daughter. Lear also falls victim to wrath once he realizes what his other two daughters have done to him. â€Å"I will have such revenges on you both, That all the world shall--I will do such things,-- What they are, yet I know not: but they shall be The terrors of the earth.† (2.4.305-9). In this quote Lear reveals the wrath that he wishes to inflict on both of his daughters for deceiving him and rejecting him after he gave them everything he had. King Lear’s wrath is fueled by his daughters’ betrayal. Lear never actually did proceed to inflict his wrath upon his daughters but he did however have every intention of doing so if given the opportunity. Sloth The entire play is built around one man’s laziness. As the play commences one may question why Lear would decide to prematurely give up his kingdom. It is quite possible that he transferred his authorities before it wasShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Sin In King Lear782 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Sin is a matter of opinion. Sins are only sins if you are hurting other people.† (Corey Taylor). The seven deadly sins (Lust, Gluttony, Greed, Sloth, Wrath, Envy, Pride) are often examined by authors in attempt to inspect the nature of man. As we know â€Å"Man is a born sinner†, hence while considering Shakespeare’s King Lear play the characters were seen committing four sins i.e. greed which led to destruction, wrath which led to anger, pride led to disgrace and envy led to hatred. These four sins,Read More Consider the accuracy of Lear?s claim that he is ?a man / More sinned against than sinning?1480 Words   |  6 Pages King Lear is throught the whole play a man who is a sinner and the victim of the evil deeds of those who surround him, those he keeps most close mostly are the worst sinners against him. He thinks he does the right good things but has to find out that almost everything he did out of meaning well by the people he considered as the good ones at the time he did it were the wrong moves. When Lear realizes that his moves seem to have been wrong he tells Kent and the Fool during a storm that he is â€Å"aRead MoreEssay about Powerful Animal Imagery in King Lear1144 Words   |  5 PagesIn King Lear. Shakespeare uses imagery of great imaginative depth and resonance to convey his major themes and to heighten the readers experience of the play. There are some predominant image patterns. In my opinion, it is the imagery of animals and savage monsters that leave the most lasting impression. The imagination is filled with pictures of wild and menacing creatures, ravenous in their appetites, cruel in their instincts. The underlying emphasis in such imagery is on the vileness of whichRead More A Comparison of Pride in King Lear and The Duchess of Malfi Essay1567 Words   |  7 PagesThe Sin of Pride Exposed in King Lear, and The Duchess of Malfi  Ã‚   In this brief monograph, we shall be hunting down and examining various creatures from the bestiary of Medieval/Renaissance thought. Among these are the fierce lion of imperious, egotistical power, a pair of fantastic peacocks, one of vanity, one of preening social status, and the docile lamb of humility. The lion and the peacocks are of the species known as pride, while the lamb is of an entirely different, in fact antitheticalRead MoreThe Tragedy Of King Lear By William Shakespeare1671 Words   |  7 Pagesdramatic enlightenment. The tragedy of King Lear, written by William Shakespeare, illustrates the story of a proud and self-centered king, whose obtuse judgement shapes his demise. Lear’s impulsive actions catalyze a chain of events, inspiring emotion from the characters and the audience alike. On the surface, King Lear fits the description of Aristotle’s tragic hero. Discrepancies in Lear’s tale, however, contradict the idea of an idyllic relationship betw een Lear and the philosophies of Aristotle.Read MoreChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 Pagesprecious (Bingham and Scholt 1980). Amusing books written specifically for children would have been economically and psychologically impossible (Townsend 1996). Children would probably have listened to adult works such as Beowulf, Song of Roland, El Cid, King Arthur, and Robin Hood. Children and adults also enjoyed folk tales and literature rich with fantasy and imagination, as myth was the way they made sense of their world. While there were no manuscripts devoted specifically to â€Å"children’s literatureRead MoreElizabethan Era11072 Words   |  45 Pageswith vigorous life. A special stimulus of the most intense kind came from the struggle with Spain. After a generation of half-piratical depredations by the English seadogs against the Spanish treasure fleets and the Spanish settlements in America, King Philip, exasperated beyond all patience and urged on by a bigots zeal for the Catholic Church, began deliberately to prepare the Great Armada, which was to crush at one blow the insolence, the independence, and the religion of England. There followed

Millennials Are An Interesting Subculture - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1395 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/07/19 Category Culture Essay Level High school Tags: Millennials Essay Subculture Essay Did you like this example? Millennials are an interesting subculture, they are changing the way that companies are driving their businesses since they have a very different habits than other generations. Millennials demographic, geographic and psychographic cultures are interesting, they are expected to overtake Baby Boomers as the largest generation in America in the next years and that is why companies must be aware of how to deal with them. It is important that companies understand who they are, their purchasing habits, what they value, their motivations, and how they will affect businesses in the future. The reason why Millennials are a subculture is because they share elements of an overall culture that is unique to their particular generation where their attitudes, values, and purchasing decisions are very similar. Millennials are people born between 1982 and 1996. They are expected to overtake Baby Boomers as the largest and crucial generation for businesses in America. Millennials currently are 71 million and Baby Boomers are 74 million, but Millennials are expected to be 73 million in 2019 and 76.2 million in 2036 while Baby Boomers decline to 72 million in 2019. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Millennials Are An Interesting Subculture" essay for you Create order The growth in Millennials are mainly due to young immigrants while the decline of Baby Boomers is because of the number of deaths (Fry).Millennials demographic in the United States is very young and they are connected to each other especially in social medias. They make up about 23% of the population and most of the them live in the largest areas. Those are New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Dallas and Houston (Carmichael). The way that millennials shop can be very tricky since it is expected that they do all of their shopping through their smartphones, tablets or laptops when in fact they rather make their purchases in a physical store. Only 16% of millennials make purchasing decisions through a mobile device. This can be logical because women tend to buy more fashion things and they prefer to see it in physical and try them while men tend to buy more hard goods which they also like to see it in physical, so they can evaluate the product quality. There is also a difference between old millennials, ranging from 32 to 35 years old, with young millennials, ranging from 20 to 23 years old, and that is that old millennials are actually more likely to make purchases through a mobile device and young millennials make them in physical stores (Kestenbaum). There are some principles that any business must consider when targeting millennials and those are the following: They are consumers based on an ethic of collaboration: that means that they enjoy the possibility of collaborating with businesses and brands. They are hyper social: This means that they are a sociable generation and that is expressed in real life as well as online where they make feedbacks about customer service, product and service satisfaction They expect technology to work all the time and hope it is easy to operate: Because they have growth with technology, they see it as their main tool to operate in their everyday lifestyle. They value experiences, discoveries and excitement: They view every opportunity to connect with people or businesses as a way to get experiences that can help them growth as a professional as well as a person. When they shop, they expect that the environment of the store is exciting or when they dine out, they search for something out of the normal and expect to get a great discovery and experience from a new kind of food. They are values-driven and seek for authenticity: They try to look for a company or brand where they can relate their beliefs and feel supported from this company or brand. They also care about the uniqueness or authenticity of a product or service because they believe that tells the companys honesty or truth (Solomon). Other important things to know about Millennials is that they are more caring, political involved and liberal than the previous generations, they are also very optimistic about not only their future but the world in general and they have a higher education level than the previous generation in the United States. Understanding what their habits and leisure activities are is also important. Some facts that we can find about them is that 51% of them have an Instagram account and 42% use Snapchat, 31% post on Instagram on a daily basis while 29% tweet every day, and 72% plan to travel for leisure as to compared with 48% of Baby Boomers. They also prefer to get the news through the TV or the Internet rather than on newspapers or magazines. Millennials believe that career success is driven by a meaningful work, a high payment and a sense of accomplishment. They do not care too much about how challenging the work is, if there is a high level of self-expression and of responsibility. Other things that they really care about is being a good parent, having success in their marriage and help the people in need (Ayyar). Marketers need to get a better understanding of how to connect with millennials, they cannot do the same marketing campaigns that they were doing with previous generations because they already know that millennials have a different point of view and thus, a different reaction to any kind of campaigns. Some of the ways that they can connect with millennials are the following: Advertising needs to be: Brief, entertaining, funny, fresh/new, unique, informative and relevant to who they are. This is because this generation just do not look at the ads, but they also seek to connect themselves with what is being advertised so they can share it. Understand the Millennial Mindset: Millennials question whether the company truly knows how to get their attention, they touch multiple devices daily, they are aware and accept that personal information will be collected, they want to connect with companies in social media to get discounts, they are more likely to engage with trusted brands, they want to discover content through social networks, they expect to engage with their preferred language, and also, a fast response and instant gratification from the company that they are spending their time or money with. Who they are and what do they really want?: Research shows that millennials influence their parents purchasing behavior and they prefer to shop in: drugstores (91%), consumer electronic stores (68%), apparel stores (80%), department stores (84%) and in discount/mass merchant stores (83%). It is expected that by 2020 millennial spending in the United States will represent the 30% of total retail sales, that being a grow to $1.4 trillion annually (Gray). As known, millennials will have an enormous impact in businesses in the future and it is a key to success that all companies are aware of that. Millennials will cause an economic growth in the United States average GDP and they will change consumer spending. They will cause a boost to the education and housing industry. In education because the US college enrollment between 2000 to 2011 climbed by 30% and it is expected to only go up for the next ten years or until all millennials are past college age. They will boost the housing industry thanks to the improvement in economy which will drop unemployment rates that along with an educated workforce will result to more estate being purchased around the country. They will favor socially responsible brands that are trustworthy and go with their beliefs, and they will embrace technology in every way (Ayyar). Overall, Millennials are a subculture that all companies should be paying more attention and try to focus their marketing strategies, products and services to them or at least make a future plan when Millennials overtake Baby Boomers. The reason why companies should be paying attention to this generation is because they are very different than the previous ones, they care more about the environment, they seek for authenticity and trustworthiness, they share their feedbacks online where everyone can see it and they will have an important impact in the United States economy and industries. Works Cited Ayyar, Rohan. Here Come the Millennials! Who They Are and How They Affect Your Business. 07 August 2014. 01 December 2018. . Carmichael, Matt. Where the millennials are. 10 March 2011. 01 December 2018. . Fry, Richard. Millennials projected to overtake Baby Boomers as Americas largest generation. 01 March 2018. 01 December 2018. . Gray, Chloe Mason. Marketing to Millennials: 6 Studies Reports You Need to Read. 14 July 2015. 01 December 2018. . Kestenbaum, Richard. This Is How Millenials Shop. 14 June 2017. 01 December 2018. . Solomon, Micah. For Small Business Week: All About Millennial Consumers And Millennial-Friendly Customer Experiences. 03 May 2018. 01 December 2018. .

Student Leadership And The Student Association For Chinese...

Students attending universities, with the emphasis switching from only focusing on academic experience to combining academic and social performance together. This study is an investigation of the GPA, family background and demographic predictors of being leaders in the student association for Chinese university students in elite universities. Questionnaires data were collected from 1661 students in four elite universities in 2013 to 2015. The GPA was identified as the most significant predictor of being a leader in the student association. Integration into the family background, family income was also predictive of students leadership. Identifying the factors that influence students leadership can improve the support services for†¦show more content†¦Meanwhile, it is hard to deny that family background has a crucial impact on students’ leadership. Due to the household registration policy, the unequally distributed resources between rural and urban area lead to the g aps in cultural, social and economic capitals between rural and urban residents. Li (2013) explains that inadequacy in the capitals in family constraints alienate students from disadvantaged groups to the consecrated university activities. Gao et al. (2011) find that students from high-income family have bigger odds of receiving awards and participating in activities in the school. Therefore, it is necessary to analysis the impact of family background on students’ leadership. Research Problem: Does an increase in students’ GPA predict an increase in the changes of being a leader of student association at elite universities when controlling for students’ family background? Methods: The data of this paper are coming from a longitudinal study on a group of undergraduate students at four large, research-intensive, elite public universities in China. Designed and conducted by a team at the University of Hong Kong, the study used a multi-stage, proportionate stratified sampling method to draw a random sample of college students based on the student enrollment record. All questionnaires were distributed by the researchers and self-administered by respondents. 2,000 survey questionnaires were distributed in 2013, and theShow MoreRelatedInternational Partnership : Education And Cultural Exchange Foundation1428 Words   |  6 Pagesglobalization has fostered, education has changed forever for educators and for students around the world. The People s Republic of China has entered a historical conversion, as well, that has revolutionized the lives and futures of Chinese children. Through of the transformative power and the interconnectedness of today s worldwide system, globalization has brought huge challenges and opportunities to high school students in China. 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I would surely spread the word of your kindness and I am also willing to travel around and promote these meaningful program. Lets briefly introduce myself. I am King Cheung, a Form2 student from La Salle College. I am a fourteen-year-oId teenagerRead MoreExamine the Conditions That Led to the Rise of a Single-Party State Under Mao Zedong.1513 Words   |  7 PagesTHE CONDITIONS THAT LED TO THE RISE OF A SINGLE-PARTY STATE UNDER MAO ZEDONG. â€Å"In October 1949 Mao Zedong proclaimed the establishment of the People’s Republic of China† (IB Packet, 60). This date marked the official beginning of the CCP’s (Chinese Communist Party) rule under a single party rule. However, one question remains: what exactly were the prominent conditions that led to this rise of the CCP under Mao Zedong? 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The South East Asia is suffered from tension between the two blocs. Especially after Chinese Communist Party got the leading role in China, communist guerilla became active in the South East Asia. U.S worried that the South East Asia will be taken over by the Communist bloc gradually. So, she allies with South Asian countries to block theRead MoreHow Being A Clp Fellow Essay1669 Words   |  7 Pagesallow me the opportunity to meet like-minded individuals that desire to enhance their leadership experience throughout their four years at TCU as well as provide me a greater chance to enhance myself in leadership roles in a program known to be beneficial to its members. 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However, after spending one month in Germany as an exchange student while in middle school, I was no longer afraid of public speaking and presentations. Instead, I began to enjoy sharing information with my classmates and even asking the teacher questions during the class. My participation in the Summer Camp at the University of Bridgeport in the United States allowed me to experience an interactive and vibrant classroom atmosphere featuringRead MoreThe Evaluation Of Public Relations Internship Program3274 Words   |  14 Pagesof construction students. Many research studies have been conducted to analyze the advantages and pros of internships in the field of Public relations for the students. The studies reveal that the students who had been engaged in such internship programs have been observed to have a better career path as compare to the ones who did not opted for it (Filak Pritchard, 2008). Moreover, internship during the academics period also serves as an assessment tool for the universities (Filak Pritchard

Psychological Disorders A Psychological Disorder

A psychological disorder is a pattern of abnormal behavior that is associated with states of significant emotional distress, such as anxiety or depression, or with impaired behavior or ability to function, such as difficulty holding a job or even distinguishing reality form fantasy. (Abnormal Psychology; 3) There are people that become embarrassed by their psychological disorder or abnormal behavior and refuse to receive help because they are afraid of what society and even their family may think of them. Therefore, they do not seek the professional help that they need to be diagnosed properly for the disorder or to be treated properly for the psychological disorder that they may or may not have. A psychological disorder can also be bulimia nervosa. Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of gorging on large quantities of food, followed by use of inappropriate ways to prevent weight gain. (Abnormal Psychology; 338) People that are bulimic tend to go into a depressive stage because they have a greater fear of becoming over weight than any other person does. The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM) diagnosis of bulimia nervosa requires that binge-eating episodes and the accompanying compensatory behaviors occur at an average frequency of at least once a week for three months. (Abnormal Psychology; 338) Bulimia nervosa is psychological and life-threatening but both men and women will proceed in bingeing and purging toShow MoreRelatedPsychological Disorders : A Psychological Disorder1632 Words   |  7 PagesPsychological disorders are often a taboo subject in our society. Many find themselves to be the subject of ridicule and/or a social pariah from their peers at the simple hint of a mental disorder. This stems largely from simple ignorance to the cause and actual effects of the problems. 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Minh Hieu Mobile Free Essays

Group Assignment 2 Analysis the Information system support for Sale process of Minh Hieu Mobile company. March – 2013 Table of Contents I. Executive summary3 II. We will write a custom essay sample on Minh Hieu Mobile or any similar topic only for you Order Now Background of the organization4 III. Description of the business process4 IV. Description of the existing IT/IS to support the process6 V. Analysis of strengths and weakness of the process6 VI. Recommendation6 VII. Implementation Plan8 VIII. Conclusion:9 IX. List of reference:9 I. Executive summary Purpose of assignment: Analyze the business process of a company, examine the IS use and issues of this company and develop a plan recommending more effective use of information and communication technologies. Selected company: Minh Hieu Mobile company The analyzed business process : Sale process What we have done: Collect the information about the company; discuss with Sale manager of the company to understand the organization and management system of the company essay writer magic; apply the knowledge of information system management to analyze the business and recommendation for improvement of the information system of the company. Group members: * Nguyen Thanh Ngoc * Tran Hong Nhung * Do Van Linh * Mai Hoang Oanh * Tong Thi Ngoc Quynh * Bui Khanh Son * Nguyen Thi Bich Hang II. Background of the organization Name of the company: Minh Hieu mobile Ltd. (Minh Hieu Mobile) Minh Hieu Mobile Limited is a small mobile trading company established in 2010 and located in Ha Noi city. At present, the company has more than 20 employees and has 3 mobile showrooms in Dong Da district, Hai Ba Trung district and Thanh Xuan district of Hanoi. The scope of services for Minh Hieu Mobile includes: Selling mobile and accessories, mobile repair services. Due to the small of scale, the management and the organization of the company is very simple with two departments is Sale – Purchase and Accounting. The Sale department is responsible for managing 3 showrooms. Figure 1: Organization structure of Minh Hieu Mobile company Director Sale – Purchase Accounting Showroom 1 Showroom 2 Showroom 3 III. Description of the business process According to the information provided by Sale managers, we understand the Sale process of the company as below: Showrooms are equipped computer and internet to support for business, each showroom is operating almost independently. There is some limitation of communication and exchange of information between showrooms of Minh Hieu mobile. Normally, at the end of the day, the head of showroom makes a sale report and sends to Sale Manager and Accounting department via email. After that, based on the report, Sale and Accounting update into the Accounting system and Warehouse for monitoring the inventory and finance. The Figure 2 illustrates the process for purchasing a mobile from a Minh Hieu’s store If a customer request to buy a mobile, the sale staff firstly checks if the mobile is in the how-case. In case the mobile is not in the show-case, the sale staff will check to warehouse of the showroom. If the product is available, the sale staff will deliver the mobile to the customer, then bill and print the invoice. The mobile will be received by the customer and he/she will bring it to technical staff for setup then it is all set. If the mobile is not available on the shelves, the sale staff will check the warehouse. If the warehouse has this mobile, the sale staff will give a delivery order to the warehouse to get the mobile and deliver to customer. If the mobile is out of stock, the sale staff will ask if the customer wants to order this item. If customer agrees, the sale staff prepares the order, sets up an appointment to customer and requests the Sale department to import the mobile. Take request Search shelves Avaiable? Delivery and billing by the clerk Deliver to the cashier on the end-day Propose warehouse Get from warehouse Search in wearhose Able to order? Go to another store Notify customer Return to store Place order Customer Clerk Customer Purchase and setup the phone Take phone home Figure 2 The process for purchasing a mobile from a Minh Hieu’s store From this figure, we can see this process has many steps with manual activities and the customer have to spend more time for manual process. IV. Description of the existing IT/IS to support the process To support for the business process, the current IT/IS includes: At the company level: * A system of computers network, which is operating under the clients/server model. * A accounting software (Fast Accounting) for accounting department. At the showroom level: Each showroom has 3 computers which can access internet. One computer is installed Fast accounting software for recording Sale and accounting transaction of the showroom but this computer is operating stand – alone not link to the server in the head office. V. Analysis of strengths and weakness of the process Weakness: In side each showroom: * Most of the sale process is done manually and the sale man cannot know the quantity in stock until they check the warehouse because they have no warehouse control system to provide real time information. The customer is not supported and severed properly. * Sale information is not updated real-time to head office. Between showrooms –showroom – head office * The information exchange capacity is very weak, the stock information, sale information is not update in time. * Each showroom is operating separately and rarely supports other showrooms. VI. Recommendation 5. 1 Objective: A comprehensive software and system for Sale â⠂¬â€œ Warehouse management which can: * One system operates on clients/server model allowing computers of 3 showroom to access and work. One system integrates functions for Sale – Warehouse – Accounting. * Support and automatic sale process (invoicing, billing , †¦) * The sale staff can get information of the available product real-time to serve customer. * Can access and manage the system anywhere through internet. * Easy to use * High security. * Reasonable investment cost. Basing on the above the expected features of the new system, we redesign the purchasing process a mobile as below: Take request Search on system Avaiable Delivery, billing and change the phone’s status on system Search on other store Get from other store Purchase and setup the phone Take phone home Customer Clerk Customer Go to other store Figure 3 : Redesigned purchasing process a mobile from Minh Hieu’s store. 5. 2 Figure 4 : New system Brief description of the new IT-IS system: The new system operates as the client/server model in which, the server is located in the head office and stores the database. The clients are the computers at 3 showrooms and head office. These computers will be installed the software to access to sever and work at the same time. Moreover, the system also runs the Web function that allow access system from Web to get the information at anywhere internet available. Main function: * Ware house management Module * Module Purchasing management * Module Sale management * Module Payable and receivable management * Module Store and branch management. * Module Customer relationship The estimated cost for investment the new system is about 8000 USD VII. Implementation Plan Step| Detail work| Who| Time | Expected result| Analysis and select the IT provider. The company assigns a team to research and selects the best appropriate IT company. | The team includes Sale manager, Accounting manager, Director. | 1 week| A good IT company is selected and contracted. | System analysis| The consultant analyzes the current system to identify the problem| IT consultant and the team. | 1 week| All problems of current system are identified and discussed in a report | System design| The IT consultant will design a new system to solve the problem| IT consultant and the team| 2 weeks| Proposal for new system. Programming and testing| After proposal is accepted, the IT company will program and write the software, then test the features of the software| IT consultant| 1 months| The software and system meet the requirement and pass the test| Conversion and training | Convert data from current system to new system, training for staffs| IT consultant and the team| 1 week| Data is successful converted to new system, all staffs can use the new system | Inspection and handover| Final check and finish the contract| It consultant and team| 1 days| | Production and Maintenance| Maintain the system, back up data.. support| The team, It consultant, staffs| | The system operates smoothly and meets the requirement. | VIII. Conclusion: Improving competitiveness is very important requirement of the enterprise. With appropriate investment for information technology and effective using of technology systems will help to significantl y improve the competitiveness of enterprises. It is widely known that the information technology helps to improve efficiency, quality of work, reduce costs and better customer service. With the investment in the new system, Minh Hieu expects to increase 30% of sales in 2013. In addition to the above benefits, Minh Hieu expects to improve the standard workflow when applying this new information technology system. IX. List of reference: * http://www. minhhieumobile. com. vn/ * Mr. Toan – Sale Manager . Tel : 043. 5637237 . How to cite Minh Hieu Mobile, Papers

Reward and Recognition Theory

Question: Discuss about theReward and Recognition Theory. Answer: Introduction Every individual working in an organization has a motivational factor to perform the tasks and responsibility assigned to them. The motivation are classifies as an intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation comes from within the individual to do the job effectively due to factors such as high job satisfaction or feeling of contentment at workplace. Extrinsic motivation can be derived from various factors such as base pay, rewards and monetary compensation etc. It is the duty of the HR to identify the motivational factor in every individual in order to optimize their performance to achieve organizational goals in the long run. The role of human resource has been identified as the most important in present day scenario. In todays world of competition where companies are taking various strategic decisions of growth and expansion in order to secure their position, what differentiates them is their competent workforce. Human capital is the most important factor which contributes in achieving the organizations desirable goals and objective. It is the responsibility of an HR to select, recruit and provide training to each individual so that they can contribute successfully in the growth of the organization (Aslam, et.al., 2013). The role of HR has not been limited to being a mediator between senior management and employees rather they are recognized as a strategic contributor because they dont just manage people but also ensure their strategic contribution towards the long term sustainable growth of the organization. In order to align individuals effort with the organizations vision and mission it is very import ant that every person believes in the managements decisions and stay motivated to achieve them (Tan Nasrudin, 2011). Here the role of HR comes into the picture. In order to optimize full potential of every individual they design certain policies and procedures in order to motivate them to perform their best. Motivation is the key force which drives every individuals performance. An employee cannot contribute efficiently if they dont have a motivational force. It is the responsibility of HR to identify the motivating factors in every individual and use them to achieve goals and objective. There are certain HR practices which are identified as the performance motivators in every organization. These are Reward and Recognition schemes (Cania, 2014). These schemes are known as an extrinsic motivation because it motivates employees to achieve targets in lieu of rewards. Internal motivation comes when an individual is satisfied with their work and they are willing to achieve more (Armstrong, Brown Reily, 2009). Rewards and recognition schemes works as convincing factors to help employees to attain their full potentials and over perform their targets. It not only helps to attain organization goal but also help individual to meet their career expectations and gives them a learning experience. It also helps to encourage healthy competitive behavior among employees. The main advantage of being competitive is that it pushes individual to cross their limits and be productive for the organization. Increase in productivity and efficiency of human capital will help every organization to achieve their goals and targets and outperform their competitors easily (Becker Huselid, 2006). The purpose of initiating reward and recognition programs in any organization is to give recognition and reward to the employees that help to support and contribute in achieving the desired goals and objective of the organization. Rewards are identifies as the form of compensation received by an individual working in the organization in both monetary and non-monetary terms for the contribution made by them in the organization. Rewards are often stereotyped as just compensation in monetary terms but there is more to it. Monetary rewards include a hike in salary, contingent pay which means paying extra for the target achieved and other employees benefits such as gift cards or paid vacation. A non-monetary reward includes performance appraisals, promotions, work recognition, growth, learning experiences etc. Recognition refers to the acknowledging and appreciating individuals contribution. Gone were the days when employees used to crave for money but now they want recognition and acknow ledgment for the work performed by them. Many people dont value rewards but all they want is that their work is appreciated. People who are internally motivated crave for recognition of their efforts. People who are not motivated, various monetary reward schemes are designed to motivate them to work efficiently and achieve targets. Distributing rewards is not a matter of concern but doing it in the fair and just manner to every deserving individual is important. Reward and recognition programs come with their own set of advantages and disadvantages. Retaining a talent in any organization is a matter of key concern in the todays world. Companies often cannot find individuals who are goal oriented and sincere in their work, but if they find someone capable they should try to retain them for the growth of the organization. Rewards and recognition schemes helps an organization to retain employees by rewarding their work and recognizing their effort time to time and motivate them to improve their productivity which results into reducing the turnover rate. Apart from retaining the employees it is very important that the organization recruit the deserving candidate. Rewarding the right people creates a positive image of the company in the outside world because people who are working there share their experiences and t hey represent company in front of the outside world (Vokic, 2016). This is an advantages for the organization as the people who want to join the organization in future see the employees working over there are well rewarded and appreciated they are motivated to work with them, thus ensuring the opportunity to attract and recruit the best of the talent (Dynamic business, 2015). Rewards and recognition programs improve the work culture of the organization because people are appreciated and motivated, thus creating a positive environment to work hard. It also encourages employees to work extra to achieve organization goals because they know that their efforts will be recognized and they will be a strategic contributor in achieving the goal of the organization. Absenteeism rate will also be low because people will be driven to work productively in order to achieve praises and rewards. But Rewards dont ensure quality, people may achieve targets or complete their work but it will all be for reward and may lack quality work. It may also spoil employees as they will be only willing to work hard when they will be provided with some rewards (Jiang, Qi Xiao, 2009). But overall it is recommended for every organization to initiate a reward and recognition program to motivate each and every individual to work efficiently. The thing that is to be kept in mind is that th e program should not affect the financial position of the company i.e. it should be economical and cost effective. There are certain companies who have outperformed their competitors just because of their reward programs. McDonalds is one of them. They are one of the Australias largest employers. The secret of their success is their strong recognition and reward program. In order to achieve growth and success the organization should treat each and every people who are involved in the daily operation of the business should be treated as the strategic contributor in achieving the goals (Patel Mujtaba, 2007). Efforts of every individual working should be recognized as rewarded in a fair manner. Thats what McDonalds does. They have clearly emerged as the people oriented organization because they feel investing in people will help them to be sustainable in the competition in the long run. They increase the self-esteem of the individuals by initiating recognition programs such as crew recognition program at the store level, organizing annual events to acknowledge the efforts of employees at the corpor ate level. They also provide monetary rewards in the form of gift coupons and appreciating every individual in the group and publishing their names in their monthly magazines WRAPT. The benefits of engaging in these programs are McDonaldss is operating in the service industry, where customer satisfaction can be ensured by providing good customer service (Alam et.al., 2013). The service providers are the employees of the organization who can only work well when they are motivated to do their work. Hence by providing everyone with fair rewards an organization can motivate individuals to work more with dedication and enthusiasm so that customer delight can be achieved. Reward program also boost the productivity of the employee working over there (Danish Usman, 2010). Recognition program in McDonalds have made every employee feel satisfied and content about their job which directly result in low turnover and high retention rate (Dobre, 2013). Recognition scheme main advantage is that t hey open the doors of promotion and progressing ahead in the career. It was mentioned in the case study that around three managing directors of the McDonalds started as employees, which means individuals efforts are recognized and they are promoted ahead. This is an example which motivates other employees in outperforming beyond their limits in order to grow and become future leaders of an organization. There are certain theories which were provided by various experts that relate directly to the McDonalds recognition scheme. Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs states that there are five needs that motivate people and individual will move on to the next stage when the other needs are fulfilled. These stages are physiological, safety, psychological, self-esteem and self-actualization. The need for money is classified in the physiological needs and the need for recognition is above the physiological needs (Kaur, 2013). It directly points out that after earning for survival an employee crave for recognition in the organization (Jerome, 2013). Another theory which can be related to McDonalds recognition theory is Frederick Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory. He clearly identified job motivators and hygiene factors that satisfied employees and amongst them Achievement and Recognition were on the top to attain job satisfaction. Expectancy theory can also be related to McDonalds reward and recognition scheme (Baah Amoako, 2011). The theory was given by Victor Vroom. This theory states that the performance of individual working in the organization is directly proportionate to the desire to achieve the rewards. Their job performance is motivated is affected by the desire to earn the reward. Here the driving force is the reward (Parijat Bagga, 2014). It can be clearly seen that Maslow, Frederick and Vroom focused on the need for recognition and achievement. Employee recognition program of McDonalds have ensured customer satisfaction and rather than treating their reward and recognition program as an expense, they called it is an investment which will be fruitful in the long run of the organization. Reward and recognition program are undoubtedly beneficial but they may levy a financial burden on the organization. Generally reward and recognition programs involve cash coupons, shopping vouchers, organizing events etc. which may be not cost effective for a mid or small size organization. HR practice of rewarding and recognizing employees efforts in McDonalds is very effective but also requires large investments. Non-profit organization like spastic center that does not operate on profit cannot spend on such Reward and recognition programs. The provide a nominal salary to its employees and then rest of the amount is paid in terms of other allowances such as food and entertainment which is also restricted to $16500 per year. What works best is the Non-monetary form of recognition (Chinkungwa Chamisa, 2013). Recognition programs are very important in these organizations because that is the only element which can ensure low turnover rate and high employees productivity (Burma, 2014). The various forms of recognition programs which can be implemented in Non-profit organization like spastic centers are: Praise, which involves praising the effort of individual by managers or senior authority in form of simple Thank you in front of the organization or a group of members. Another form of recognition and reward program can involve providing small gift vouchers as a token of appreciation which can involve travel voucher, recreational activity voucher, meal voucher, parking voucher or movie and shopping voucher. The benefits of giving these vouchers are they are not expensive. Nomination based schemes are also a form of recognizing an individuals effort which involves giving trophies, memento or certificates. The nomination for the deserving candidates is done by either the working staff through a poll, by top level authority or by the clients and customer based on the individuals performance. The benefits of Non-monetary reward and recognition program apart from being cost effective are that they help the employee to work for recognizing their efforts in terms of performance appraisals and appreciation rather than in monetary terms. This also ensures employee retention along with workplace satisfaction to the employee. This scheme works because it was already discussed above that the need for recognition is above the monetary rewards. When individuals are giving their time and resources to the organization they expect certain acknowledgment and appreciation from their employer. Reward and recognition program ensure that every individuals works gets appreciated so that they are motivated to work hard in the direction of achieving the companys vision and mission (Tessema, Ready Embaye, 2013). Conclusion The report states the importance of motivation of employees in the workplace. It discusses various rewards and recognition schemes along with its benefits to both the organization and employee. This impact of recognition schemes followed by McDonalds for their employees has been discussed along with its advantages. Various motivation theories have been states and all of them have discusses the importance of reward and recognition programs on the employees performance. The report concludes that rewards in monetary terms is not always important, recognition has been identified as the most important factor of motivation among the employees rather than monetary rewards. References Alam, S., Saeed, A.A.S., Sahabuddin, M., Akter, S. (2013). Relationship between employee recognition and employee contribution in service industry. International Journal of Business and Marketing Management. Retrieved from https://www.resjournals.org/IJBMM/PDF/2013/April/Alam_et_al.pdf on 3 February 2017. Armstrong, M., Brown, D., Reily, P. (2009). Increasing the effectiveness of reward management. Retrieved from https://www.employment-studies.co.uk/system/files/resources/files/hrp6.pdf on 3 February 2017.4 Aslam, D.H., Aslam, M., Ali, N., Habib, B., Jabeen, M. (2013). Human Resource planning practice in managing Human resource: A literature review. International Journal of Human Resource Studies. Retrieved from www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/ijhrs/article/download/.../6131 on 3 February 2017. Baah, D.K., Amoako, K.G. (2011). Application of Frederick Herzbergs Two-Factor theory in assessing and understanding employee motivation at work: a Ghanaian perspective. European Journal of Business and Management. Retrieved from www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/EJBM/article/download/642/535 on 3 February 2017. Becker, E.B. Huselid, A.M., (2006). Strategic Human Resources Management: Where Do We Go From Here? Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/48f6/cd5a88e39aead3f60b7dccedbb46bf2ebf7e.pdf on 3 February 2017. Burma, A.Z. (2014). Human Resource management and its importance for todays organizations. International Journal of Education and Social Science. Retrieved from https://www.ijessnet.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/9.pdf on 3 February 2017. Cania, L. (2014). The impact of strategic human resource management on organizational performance. Economia. Seria Management. Retrieved from https://www.management.ase.ro/reveconomia/2014-2/14.pdf on 3 February 2017. Chikungwa, T., Chamisa, F.S. (2013). An evaluation of recognition on performance as a motivator: A case of eastern cape higher education institution. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. Retrieved from https://www.mcser.org/journal/index.php/mjss/article/viewFile/1595/1604 on 3 February 2017. Danish, Q.R, Usman, A. (2010). Impact of reward and recognition on job satisfaction and motivation: An empirical study from Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Management. Retrieved from www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijbm/article/download/4061/4221 on 3 February 2017. Dobre, I.O. (2013). Employee motivation and organizational performance. Review of Applied Socio- Economic Research. Retrieved from ftp://ftp.repec.org/opt/ReDIF/RePEc/rse/wpaper/R5_5_DobreOvidiuIliuta_p53_60.pdf on 3 February 2017. Dynamic Business, (2015). Salary packaging as a business tool: Debunking the myths. Retrieved from https://www.dynamicbusiness.com.au/hr-and-staff/salary-packaging-as-a-business-tool-debunking-the-myths.html on 3 February 2017. Jerome, N. (2013). Application of the Maslows hierarchy of need theory; impacts and implications on organizational culture, human resource and employees performance. International Journal of Business and Management Invention. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/b0bc/c8ca45193eaf700350a8ac2ddfc09a093be8.pdf on 3 February 2013. Jiang, Z., Xiao, Q., Qi, H., Xiao, L. (2009). Total reward strategy: A human resources management strategy going with the trend of the times. International Journal of Business and Management. Retrieved from https://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijbm/article/viewFile/4235/3672 on 3 February 2017. Kaur, A. (2013). Maslows need hierarchy theory: applications and criticisms. Global Journal of Management and Business Studies. Retrieved from https://www.ripublication.com/gjmbs_spl/gjmbsv3n10_03.pdf on 3 February 2017. Parijat, P., Bagga, S. (2014). Victor Vrooms Expectancy theory of motivation An evaluation. International Research Journal of Business and Management. Retrieved from https://irjbm.org/irjbm2013/Sep2014/Paper1.pdf on 3 February 2017. Patel, B., Mujtaba, G.B. (2007). McDonalds success strategy and global expansion through customer and brand loyalty. Journal of Business Case Studies. Retrived from https://www.cluteinstitute.com/ojs/index.php/JBCS/article/.../4949 on 3 February 2017. Tan, L.C., Nasrudin, M.A. (2011). Human Resource management practices and organizational innovation: assessing the mediating role of knowledge management effectiveness. Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management. Retrieved from www.ejkm.com/issue/download.html?idArticle=289 on 3 February 2017. Tesemma, T.M., Ready, J.K., Embaye, B.A. (2013). The effects of employee recognition, pay, and benefits on job satisfaction: Cross country evidence. Journal of Business and Economics. Retrieved from https://www.academicstar.us/UploadFile/Picture/2014-6/2014615104651386.pdf on 3 February 2017. Voki?, P.K., (2016). Looking at HRM through the lens of agency theory- are suboptimal HRM practices a consequence of moral hazard? Dynamic Relationships Management Journal, 5. Retrived from https://www.sam-d.si/Upload/Articles/DRMJ.2016.v05n02a01.pdf on 3 February 2017.